{"product_id":"statistics-for-dummies","title":"Statistics for Dummies","description":"\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"productDetailSmallElements\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiographical Note\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDeborah J. Rumsey, PhD, \u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of Statistics and Statistics Education Specialist at The Ohio State University. She is the author of \u003ci\u003eStatistics Workbook For Dummies, Statistics II For Dummies, \u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eProbability For Dummies\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJacket Description\/Back\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrasp statistical ideas, formulas, and calculations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpret graphs and polls and determine probability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalyze data using many techniques\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe simple way to study \u003cb\u003estatistics\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStymied by statistics? Fear not! In easy-to-understand terms, this guide shows you how to make sense of statistics. From collecting, graphing, and critiquing data to calculating confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, you'll have everything you need to analyze data with confidence. In no time, you'll be deciphering binomial, normal, t-, and sampling distributions; tackling regression and two-way tables; and much more. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInside...\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlain-English definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding and critiquing polls\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInformation on organizing data\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplanations of random variables\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFacts about the Central Limit Theorem\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eData analysis tools\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1: Vital Statistics about Statistics 7\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 1: Statistics in a Nutshell 9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 2: The Statistics of Everyday Life 23\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Taking Control: So Many Numbers, So Little Time 35\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 4: Tools of the Trade 47\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2: Number-Crunching Basics 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Means, Medians, and More 71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 6: Getting the Picture: Graphing Categorical Data 95\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 7: Going by the Numbers: Graphing Numerical Data 107\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3: Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 8: Random Variables and the Binomial Distribution 135\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 9: The Normal Distribution 149\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 10: The t-Distribution 165\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 171\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4: Guesstimating and Hypothesizing with Confidence 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 12: Leaving Room for a Margin of Error 189\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 13: Confidence Intervals: Making Your Best Guesstimate 201\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 14: Claims, Tests, and Conclusions 223\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 15: Commonly Used Hypothesis Tests: Formulas and Examples 237\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 5: Statistical Studies and the Hunt for a Meaningful Relationship 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 16: Polls, Polls, and More Polls 257\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Experiments: Medical Breakthroughs or Misleading Results? 275\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 18: Looking for Links: Correlation and Regression 293\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 19: Two-Way Tables and Independence 311\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 6: The Part of Tens 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 20: Ten Tips for the Statistically Savvy Sleuth 335\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 21: Ten Surefire Exam Score Boosters 349\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Tables for Reference 365\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndex 375\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd III May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd IV May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout This Book 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConventions Used in This Book 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat You're Not to Read 3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFoolish Assumptions 3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow This Book Is Organized 3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart 1: Vital Statistics about Statistics 3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart 2: Number-Crunching Basics 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart 3: Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart 4: Guesstimating and Hypothesizing with Confidence 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart 5: Statistical Studies and the Hunt for a Meaningful Relationship 5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart 6: The Part of Tens 5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIcons Used in This Book 6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere to Go from Here 6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1: Vital Statistics About Statistics 7\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Statistics in a Nutshell 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThriving in a Statistical World 10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigning Appropriate Studies 11\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurveys 11\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperiments 12\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCollecting Quality Data 13\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelecting a good sample 13\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvoiding bias in your data 14\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCreating Effective Summaries 14\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics 15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCharts and graphs 15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetermining Distributions 16\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerforming Proper Analyses 17\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMargin of error and confidence intervals 18\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis tests 19\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorrelation, regression, and two-way tables 20\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrawing Credible Conclusions 21\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReeling in overstated results 21\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuestioning claims of cause and effect 21\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecoming a Sleuth, Not a Skeptic 22\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable of Contents v\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd V May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: The Statistics of Everyday Life 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistics and the Media: More Questions than Answers? 24\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbing popcorn problems 24\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVenturing into viruses 24\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComprehending crashes 25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulling malpractice 26\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBelaboring the loss of land 26\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScrutinizing schools 27\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudying sports 28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBanking on business news 28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTouring the travel news 29\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurveying sexual stats 29\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBreaking down weather reports 30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMusing about movies 30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHighlighting horoscopes 31\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing Statistics at Work 31\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDelivering babies -- and information 31\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePosing for pictures 32\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoking through pizza data 32\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistics in the office 33\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Taking Control: So Many Numbers, So Little Time 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetecting Errors, Exaggerations, and Just Plain Lies 36\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking the math 36\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUncovering misleading statistics 37\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLooking for lies in all the right places 44\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFeeling the Impact of Misleading Statistics 44\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: Tools of the Trade 47\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistics: More than Just Numbers 47\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrabbing Some Basic Statistical Jargon 49\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData 50\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData set 51\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVariable 51\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePopulation 51\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample, random, or otherwise 52\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistic 54\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParameter 54\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBias 55\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean (Average) 55\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian 56\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard deviation 56\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePercentile 57\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003evi Statistics for Dummies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd VI May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard score 57\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistribution and normal distribution 58\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCentral Limit Theorem 59\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ez-values 60\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperiments 60\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurveys (Polls) 62\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMargin of error 62\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConfidence interval 63\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHypothesis testing 64\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ep-values 65\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistical significance 66\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorrelation versus causation 67\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2: Number-crunching Basics 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Means, Medians, and More 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSumming Up Data with Descriptive Statistics 71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrunching Categorical Data: Tables and Percents 72\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasuring the Center with Mean and Median 75\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAveraging out to the mean 75\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSplitting your data down the median 77\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparing means and medians: Histograms 78\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccounting for Variation 80\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReporting the standard deviation 81\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeing out of range 84\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamining the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7) 85\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasuring Relative Standing with Percentiles 87\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating percentiles 88\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting percentiles 89\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGathering a five-number summary 93\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExploring interquartile range 94\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: Getting the Picture: Graphing Categorical Data 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTake Another Little Piece of My Pie Chart 96\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTallying personal expenses 96\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBringing in a lotto revenue 97\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrdering takeout 98\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProjecting age trends 99\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRaising the Bar on Bar Graphs 101\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTracking transportation expenses 101\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking a lotto profit 103\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTipping the scales on a bar graph 104\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePondering pet peeves 105\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable of Contents vii\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd VII May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Going by the Numbers: Graphing Numerical Data 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandling Histograms 108\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking a histogram 108\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting a histogram 111\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePutting numbers with pictures 115\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetecting misleading histograms 117\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamining Boxplots 120\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking a boxplot 120\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting a boxplot 121\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTackling Time Charts 127\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting time charts 127\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding variability: Time charts versus histograms 128\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpotting misleading time charts 128\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3: Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Random Variables and the Binomial Distribution 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefining a Random Variable 136\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiscrete versus continuous 136\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbability distributions 137\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mean and variance of a discrete random variable 138\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIdentifying a Binomial 139\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking binomial conditions step by step 140\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo fixed number of trials 140\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore than success or failure 141\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrials are not independent 141\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbability of success (p) changes 141\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding Binomial Probabilities Using a Formula 142\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding Probabilities Using the Binomial Table 144\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding probabilities for specific values of X 145\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding probabilities for X greater-than, less-than, or between two values 146\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking Out the Mean and Standard Deviation of the Binomial 146\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: The Normal Distribution 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExploring the Basics of the Normal Distribution 150\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeeting the Standard Normal (Z-) Distribution 152\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking out Z 153\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandardizing from X to Z 153\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding probabilities for Z with the Z-table 155\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding Probabilities for a Normal Distribution 156\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eviii Statistics for Dummies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd VIII May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding X When You Know the Percent 158\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFiguring out a percentile for a normal distribution 159\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTranslating tricky wording in percentile problems 161\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNormal Approximation to the Binomial 162\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: The t-Distribution 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBasics of the t-Distribution 165\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparing the t- and Z-distributions 165\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovering the effect of variability on t-distributions 167\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the t-Table 167\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding probabilities with the t-table 168\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFiguring percentiles for the t-distribution 168\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePicking out t*-values for confidence intervals 169\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudying Behavior Using the t-Table 170\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTheorem 171\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefining a Sampling Distribution 172\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Mean of a Sampling Distribution 174\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasuring Standard Error 174\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample size and standard error 175\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePopulation standard deviation and standard error 176\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLooking at the Shape of a Sampling Distribution 178\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase 1: The distribution of X is normal 178\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase 2: The distribution of X is not normal--enter the Central Limit Theorem 178\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding Probabilities for the Sample Mean 181\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion 183\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding Probabilities for the Sample Proportion 185\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4: Guesstimating and Hypothesizing With Confidence 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: Leaving Room for a Margin of Error 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeeing the Importance of That Plus or Minus 190\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinding the Margin of Error: A General Formula 191\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasuring sample variability 191\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating margin of error for a sample proportion 193\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReporting results 194\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating margin of error for a sample mean 195\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeing confident you're right 197\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetermining the Impact of Sample Size 197\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample size and margin of error 198\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBigger isn't always (that much) better! 198\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeeping margin of error in perspective 199\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable of Contents ix\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd IX May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 13: Confidence Intervals: Making Your Best\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGuesstimate 201\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot All Estimates Are Created Equal 202\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinking a Statistic to a Parameter 203\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGetting with the Jargon 203\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting Results with Confidence 204\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZooming In on Width 205\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChoosing a Confidence Level 206\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFactoring In the Sample Size 208\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCounting On Population Variability 209\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating a Confidence Interval for a Population Mean 210\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase 1: Population standard deviation is known 210\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase 2: Population standard deviation is unknown and\/or n is small 212\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFiguring Out What Sample Size You Need 213\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetermining the Confidence Interval for One Population Proportion 214\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCreating a Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means 216\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase 1: Population standard deviations are known 216\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase 2: Population standard deviations are unknown and\/or sample sizes are small 218\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEstimating the Difference of Two Proportions 219\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpotting Misleading Confidence Intervals 221\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14: Claims, Tests, and Conclusions 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSetting Up the Hypotheses 224\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefining the null 224\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat's the alternative? 225\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGathering Good Evidence (Data) 226\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompiling the Evidence: The Test Statistic 226\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGathering sample statistics 227\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasuring variability using standard errors 227\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding standard scores 228\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating and interpreting the test statistic 228\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeighing the Evidence and Making Decisions: p-Values 229\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConnecting test statistics and p-values 229\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefining a p-value 230\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating a p-value 230\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking Conclusions 231\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSetting boundaries for rejecting H o\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e232\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesting varicose veins 233\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAssessing the Chance of a Wrong Decision 233\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking a false alarm: Type-1 errors 234\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMissing out on a detection: Type-2 errors 234\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ex Statistics for Dummies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd X May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15: Commonly Used Hypothesis Tests: Formulas and Examples 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesting One Population Mean 238\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandling Small Samples and Unknown Standard Deviations: The t-Test 240\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePutting the t-test to work 241\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRelating t to Z 241\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandling negative t-values 242\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamining the not-equal-to alternative 242\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesting One Population Proportion 243\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparing Two (Independent) Population Averages 245\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesting for an Average Difference (The Paired t-Test) 247\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparing Two Population Proportions 251\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 5: Statistical Studies and the Hunt For a Meaningful Relationship 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16: Polls, Polls, and More Polls 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecognizing the Impact of Polls 258\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGetting to the source 258\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurveying what's hot 260\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImpacting lives 260\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBehind the Scenes: The Ins and Outs of Surveys 262\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlanning and designing a survey 263\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelecting the sample 266\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarrying out a survey 268\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting results and finding problems 271\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Experiments: Medical Breakthroughs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eor Misleading Results? 275\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoiling Down the Basics of Studies 276\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLooking at the lingo of studies 276\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObserving observational studies 277\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamining experiments 278\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigning a Good Experiment 278\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigning the experiment to make comparisons 279\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelecting the sample size 281\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChoosing the subjects 283\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking random assignments 283\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eControlling for confounding variables 284\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRespecting ethical issues 286\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCollecting good data 287\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnalyzing the data properly 289\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking appropriate conclusions 290\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking Informed Decisions 292\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable of Contents xi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd XI May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18: Looking for Links: Correlation and Regression 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePicturing a Relationship with a Scatterplot 294\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking a scatterplot 295\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting a scatterplot 296\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuantifying Linear Relationships Using the Correlation 297\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating the correlation 297\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting the correlation 298\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamining properties of the correlation 300\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorking with Linear Regression 301\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFiguring out which variable is X and which is Y 301\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking the conditions 302\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculating the regression line 302\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting the regression line 304\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePutting it all together with an example: The regression line for the crickets 306\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking Proper Predictions 306\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplaining the Relationship: Correlation versus Cause and Effect 308\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19: Two-Way Tables and Independence 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrganizing a Two-Way Table 312\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSetting up the cells 313\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFiguring the totals 314\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpreting Two-Way Tables 315\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingling out variables with marginal distributions 315\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamining all groups -- a joint distribution 317\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparing groups with conditional distributions 321\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking Independence and Describing Dependence 324\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking for independence 324\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescribing a dependent relationship 327\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCautiously Interpreting Results 329\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChecking for legitimate cause and effect 329\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProjecting from sample to population 330\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking prudent predictions 331\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResisting the urge to jump to conclusions 332\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 6: the Part of Tens 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20: Ten Tips for the Statistically Savvy Sleuth 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePinpoint Misleading Graphs 335\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePie charts 336\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBar graphs 336\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTime charts 337\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHistograms 339\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003exii Statistics for Dummies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd XII May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUncover Biased Data 339\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSearch for a Margin of Error 340\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIdentify Non-Random Samples 341\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSniff Out Missing Sample Sizes 342\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetect Misinterpreted Correlations 343\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReveal Confounding Variables 344\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInspect the Numbers 344\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReport Selective Reporting 345\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExpose the Anecdote 346\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21: Ten Surefire Exam Score Boosters 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnow What You Don't Know, and then Do Something about It 350\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvoid \"Yeah-Yeah\" Traps 351\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYeah-yeah trap #1 352\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYeah-yeah trap #2 352\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMake Friends with Formulas 354\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMake an \"If-Then-How\" Chart 355\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure Out What the Question Is Asking 357\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLabel What You're Given 358\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDraw a Picture 360\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMake the Connection and Solve the Problem 361\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo the Math -- Twice 362\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnalyze Your Answers 363\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Tables for Reference 365\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndex 375\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable of Contents xiii\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.indd XIII May 5, 2016 4:00 Pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0002730987.INDD xiv May 5, 2016 4:00 PM\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e Rumsey, Deborah J\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e For Dummies\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePub Date:\u003c\/b\u003e 2016-06-07\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBISAC:\u003c\/b\u003e Mathematics \/ Probability \u0026amp; Statistics \/ Multivariate Analysis|Education \/ Teaching \/ Subjects - Mathematics|Education \/ Statistics|Business \u0026amp; Economics \/ Statistics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSubjects:\u003c\/b\u003e Statistics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.2 lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781119293521\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eASIN:\u003c\/b\u003e -\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSKU:\u003c\/b\u003e SP-9781119293521\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"For Dummies","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52425760735513,"sku":"SP-9781119293521","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0913\/0380\/5209\/files\/9781119293521_spiral.png?v=1779484548","url":"https:\/\/westbindery.com\/products\/statistics-for-dummies","provider":"West Bindery","version":"1.0","type":"link"}